In what natural area does a woodpecker live. Woodpecker: what eats and where the woodpecker lives

Woodpeckers are widespread in Eurasia and North Africa. These birds are noisy, noisy and noticeable due to their bright, variegated plumage, executed in black and white with a red bright hat in the back of the head.

Woodpeckers are small or medium-sized birds that lead mainly a tree lifestyle. Their long, straight, conical beak allows you to extract insects directly from under the bark of trees. The woodpecker's skull is large and strong. The tail is wedge-shaped, from hard feathers, which allows it to be used as a support. The plumage of all species is mottled, black and white, with red or yellow marks on the head and other parts of the body.

What do they eat

Depending on the season and habitats, woodpeckers prefer animal or plant food.

In the spring and summer, woodpeckers eat large quantities of various insects and larvae. Beetles (barbel, bark beetles, goldfish, stag beetles, leaf beetles, ladybugs, weevils, ground beetles), caterpillars and adults of butterflies, cattails, aphids become their food. Woodpeckers readily eat ants; in the stomachs of individual individuals, ornithologists found 300 to 500 of these insects. Woodpeckers also eat crustaceans and mollusks.

Woodpeckers obtain such food on tree trunks or on the ground. A woodpecker sits on the trunk from below and climbs up a spiral, inspects the cracks along the way and launches its long tongue in them (about 4 cm). When insects are found, the woodpecker breaks the bark with its beak or makes a funnel, from which it takes prey to the surface. From a height of 12 to 16 m, a woodpecker flies to the next tree. Poultry rarely hammer healthy trees and choose dried or pest-affected animals. On the ground, woodpeckers are ruined by anthills.

In winter, woodpeckers often move closer to human habitation, where they feed on bird feeders or look for food of anthropogenic origin in garbage cans. Sometimes they can eat carrion or ruin the nests of songbirds, eat eggs and chicks.

During this period, birds also switch to plant foods - seeds of conifers, nuts and seeds of hazel, beech, oak, hornbeam, almond, acorn. Woodpeckers peck out bones and feed on the flesh of gooseberries, currants, cherries, plums, raspberries, junipers, buckthorn and ash. In spring, birds can break through the bark of trees and drink sap.

Where do they live

In Africa, woodpeckers are common in Algeria and Tunisia, in Morocco and on the Canary Islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

They live in Europe almost everywhere, except for Ireland, Scandinavia and the Russian Arctic. In the Balkans and Asia Minor are found in the mountains. A large population lives in the Caucasus, Transcaucasia and northern Iran in territories close to the Caspian Sea.

Woodpeckers have a wide variety of habitats: from northern taiga to forest plantations, gardens and parks. Birds nest to the upper border of the forest: on average, up to 2000 m above sea level. In all habitat regions, woodpeckers are sedentary birds, and migrate only if there is a lack of food.

Common species

A small bird with a long, straight beak. The body length is from 14 to 16 cm. The body weight ranges from 20 to 30 g. The plumage is colorful, black and white on top and whitish-gray below. At the bottom of the back is a bright spot of a rhomboid shape. Brownish gray forehead and crown, black nape. The male on the back of his head has red feathers. A dark "mustache" begins from the beak. Cheeks and throat are white. The back is dark. The belly is whitish-gray in color with dark streaks. The iris is red-brown or red, the legs and beak are dark gray. Young individuals are darker and variegated. Females do not have red feathers on the back of the head, but otherwise they do not differ from the male.

The species is common in East and Southeast Asia.

A medium-sized woodpecker that lives in the foothills and lower belt of the Himalayas (Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Nepal).

Body length reaches 20 cm, weight from 37 to 50 g. Beak of medium length, chisel-like, with a wide base. The plumage on the back and wings is colorful, black and white, the belly is light, the “cap” is colorful. The forehead is yellowish-brown in both male and female. But in the male, the crown is lemon yellow, and the nape is red, and in the female, both crown and nape are yellow. Cheeks and chin are white with black "mustache". Breast and belly of white color with dark streaks.

The habitat of the species includes countries such as Bhutan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand and Vietnam.

The woodpecker is medium in size. The plumage on the back is black with white transverse stripes. Breast is light brown. Neck with black stripes on each side. Males have a red head with an orange forehead, and females have a black head.

Small-bodied bird, resident of Indochina. Body length up to 22 cm, weight from 42 to 52 g. The back and wings are black with a white spotted pattern. The neck is whitish, the breast and tummy are yellowish-buff in color with thin longitudinal black mottles. The undertail is red. The head on the sides is white with a black stripe of "mustache". In the male, a bright red cap of feathers passes from the forehead to the nape of the neck. The female is black.

The species is common in Hindustan and Indochina. This is a small bird with a long straight beak. The body length is about 18 cm, weight is from 28 to 46 g. The plumage in the forehead and crown is golden yellow. The nape of the male is bright red, the female is brownish buff. "Mustache" is poorly expressed. Cheeks, chin and neck white with brown streaks. The torso above is black or black-brown with white spots and mottles, the lower back is white. The tummy is white with an orange-red spot in the center. Young birds are feathered in brown.

Body length from 20 to 25 cm, weight from 53 to 74 g. The beak is long. The back of the male is black with white transverse stripes, the belly is red-chestnut. The female has a brown back. The males have a red shiny cap on their heads, and the females have a black cap with white spots. The legs are gray, the iris is red.

The habitat begins in the Himalayas from Kashmir to Assam. Also, the bird is found in China, Vietnam and Thailand.

Body length about 22 cm, weight from 50 to 85 g. The head is round, the beak is short, dark gray. The upper body is black with white streaks on the wings. Midsection and sides yellowish with dark longitudinal strokes. The iris is red-brown in color, the legs are gray. "Mustache" is poorly expressed. On the crown is a bright red cap. Young birds are dull.

The species nests in the temperate and southern latitudes of Europe, as well as in Asia Minor.

Body length from 26 to 31 cm, wingspan 44-49 cm, body weight from 100 to 130 g. The male has a white forehead and side of the head, a “cap” red with white spots, a nape and a back are black. The "mustache" is black. The tummy is white, with a buffy coating; sides in dark longitudinal streaks. The undertail is pink. The female has a black hat on her head.

The bird lives in the south of Eurasia.

The body length is from 22 to 27 cm, the wingspan is 42-47 cm, weight is from 60 to 100 g. The plumage is dominated by black and white tones, the under tail is bright red. The top of the head, back and nadhvoste black. The forehead, cheeks, shoulders and tummy are brownish-white. The tail is black. The iris is brown or red, the beak is black, the legs are dark brown.

The species is found in Africa, Europe and Asia Minor.

The habitat of birds covers Asia, Central and Eastern Europe.

Body length up to 23 cm, weight from 55 to 80 g. The top of the head is black, the forehead, sides of the head and cheeks are white. A bright red stripe is located on the nape of the male; the female does not have it. "Mustache" is well developed. The throat, neck and tummy are off-white. The red spine. The iris is red. The beak is dark gray. Paws are gray.

There is a view in Central Asia, Dzungaria and Kashgar.

Body length from 22 to 24 cm, weight about 70 g. Beak of medium length, straight. There are large white spots on the shoulder blades and wings, the belly and underwig are bright red. The forehead is white.

Male and female: main differences

Sexual dimorphism in woodpeckers is manifested in slight variations in the color of plumage of males and females. The most common option: in males the crown of the head and nape is red, and in the female is black or yellow.

Breeding

Woodpeckers are monogamous birds that start breeding at the end of the first year of life.

The mating season begins in late February and continues until mid-May, when birds begin to build nests. Current males shout aggressively, drum on branches. Females also make sounds and bang. Partners can chase each other and circle around trees in characteristic flights.

After pairing up, woodpeckers are aggressive towards other birds, especially current birds.

The male selects the tree for the nest and chops it for about two weeks. The hollow is located at a height of up to 8 m, its depth is from 25 to 35 cm, diameter is about 12 cm. Summer is round or oval from 4.5 to 6 cm in diameter.

In late April or early May, the female lays 4 to 8 white eggs. Both partners are engaged in incubation for 12-13 days, but the male spends more time in the nest. Chicks are born naked, blind and helpless. Both parents feed them, making up to 300 feedings per day. In the nest, the chicks remain for 20 to 23 days, after which they stand on the wing. The brood breaks up, but for another 15-20 days the chicks stay near the nest.

The average life expectancy of woodpeckers is 9 years.

Vote

Woodpeckers are noisy birds. Their voices are heard during the mating season, and in disputes over the territory, and in case of fright. The most common sound is a sharp and jerky “kick”. An excited bird publishes it quickly, many times in a row, which is heard as “ki-ki-ki” or “kr-kr-kr”. From mid-January to the end of June, the woodpecker's cries are accompanied by a “drum roll” - a trill from the vibration of branches under the rapid blows of a bird's beak. With its help, woodpeckers also communicate with each other. In good weather, the shot is heard within a radius of 1.5 km from the bird.

Woodpecker is a noticeable and noisy bird, often lives next to a person, eats food waste. But at the same time, the bird prefers to spend time alone, even during the nesting period, males and females often feed at different ends of the joint territory.
Woodpeckers use empty cans or pieces of iron as drums so that the drum roll sounds over long distances - in this way they call other woodpeckers to themselves.

Everyone who has a summer cottage or who happens to be in the woods knows the fractional knock. The source of this sound is the woodpecker. The family of this bird is widespread throughout the world, making it one of the most numerous. Scientists ornithologists distinguish more than twenty species of woodpeckers. Since ancient times, these birds attracted the eyes of people. They were considered pests for a long time and destroyed.

The most common woodpecker species in the world is big spotted woodpecker. It is especially easy to meet him in Russia. Its habitat can be considered old parks, cemeteries, summer cottages. As a rule, representatives of this family do not have a nomadic way of life, preferring to settle in the same locality. Mass migrations are observed only during periods unfavorable in terms of feed. Then the birds gather in flocks and fly to another region.

The appearance of a large woodpecker

Like many birds, the woodpecker has a memorable appearance. It is she, in combination with a characteristic knock makes this family extremely recognizable:

Large Woodpecker Habitats

The range of woodpeckers is extremely wide. It’s easier to say - there is a bird where there are trees. There are species in the family that prefer solitude. But many of them adapted to life next to a person. Therefore, they can be found in summer cottages, in city parks and squares. Prefers coniferous forests with a predominance of pine, but can also settle in mixed forests.

As ornithologists note, usually two hectares of land are enough for one individual. This site is enough for normal feeding. Under adverse conditions, the motley woodpecker can fly long distances, but then he does not return to his old place. Such birds easily tolerate frosts, adapt to conditions and therefore it makes no sense to fly to other countries for the winter.

Great Woodpecker Lifestyle

Watching different birds brings a lot of fun. This is especially true for the inhabitants of the forest. The peculiarity of woodpeckers is that they do not sit idle. Therefore, from early morning they are busy with their hard work: chiselling wood. After their work, hollows remain, which are then used by different birds and animals.

The peculiarity of woodpeckers is that they don't like flying. Most often they prefer to climb trees using claws and a tail. It is noteworthy that this also applies to chicks. They begin to move around the tree earlier than to fly. In winter they lead the same way of life.

Spotted Woodpecker Nutrition

Partly the fact that woodpeckers remain to winter in their habitats dictate to them the need for omnivorousness. This is especially helpful in conditions of hunger. Under favorable circumstances, the main diet consists of insects and their larvae. The woodpecker pulls out with the help of his long tongue, covered with sticky juice. Ornithology at autopsy found up to 500 bugs in the stomach. This is the amount of food that is required per day.

Occasionally, crustaceans and mollusks can eat. Unfortunately, cohabitation with a person left an imprint on them. Woodpeckers can be seen in garbage cans where they get leftover food: sausage, cheese, meat, etc. Ornithologists also noted: with poor food bases, they may well temporarily feed on carrion, destroy small birds' nests - by eating eggs and their chicks.

Interesting Facts:

While crawling, they never hang upside down in a tree - this is how their vestibular apparatus is arranged;
They move mainly in a spiral;
The tongue is covered with a sticky substance, which facilitates the capture of all kinds of insects;
Woodpeckers have a musical taste. Sometimes they knock on wood not for food, but for pleasure;

Great woodpeckers are important participants in forest life, protecting it from pests. Their role in helping other animals is also important, since the fruits of their activity - hollows are used by other birds and small mammals for the construction of housing.

Woodpecker bird

Great Spotted Woodpecker

Great spotted woodpecker or spotted woodpecker (lat. Dendrocopos major) is a species of birds of the order woodpecker, family woodpeckers, genus motley woodpeckers.

The current classification has 14 subspecies of the large spotted woodpecker, representatives of which differ in body and beak sizes, as well as shades of the main color of the plumage.

What does a spotted woodpecker look like?

The size of the spotted woodpecker is like that of a blackbird: the body length of an adult is 22-27 cm, and weighs from 60 to 100 g. The main color of the plumage is black and white in various shades. The head, back and nuhvoste - black with a blue tint, the undertail is red or pink. The shoulders, abdomen, as well as the forehead and cheeks, depending on the area, are painted white, brownish-white or dark brown. Large white areas stand out on the shoulders of the bird, separated by a black dorsal stripe. Black fly feathers are covered with white spots, forming 5 light stripes on the wing. The woodpecker's bright cheeks are bordered by a black "mustache".

In males at the back of the head there is a red transverse strip - the only sexual difference between motley woodpeckers. Young individuals are colored as adults, but differ in red crown with interspersed narrow, black stripes.

The woodpecker's eyes are red or hazel. Strong, sharp beak of lead-black color, legs are dark brown.

A distinctive feature of woodpeckers is a particularly hard, sharp tail, which birds use as a support when moving on vertical surfaces. And also the presence of a long (up to 4 cm), sticky tongue, with which woodpeckers extract prey from the narrowest holes.

The woodpecker tongue is visible in the photo.

Big spotted woodpecker male.

Great spotted woodpecker.

Great spotted woodpecker in profile.

Great spotted woodpecker.

Where do woodpeckers live

Variegated woodpecker is one of the most numerous and widespread species of birds that lives in most European countries, northwestern Africa and Asia Minor.

In most of the range, woodpeckers lead a sedentary lifestyle, only at the northern borders during the hungry years wander to other regions.

Woodpeckers are unpretentious and adapt to any landscape where trees grow. On European territory, they are found in dry and swampy forests - mixed, coniferous and deciduous. Often settle in city parks and cemeteries. Inhabitants of the African continent prefer cedar forests, olive groves and cork oak forests. Asian populations inhabit rhododendron thickets and deciduous forests of the foothills. In atypical habitats, for example, in the tundra, woodpeckers appear exclusively in search of food.

Male large spotted woodpecker.

Great spotted woodpecker.

Woodpecker in flight.

What do woodpeckers eat?

In spring and summer, the basis of the diet is insects and their larvae. Beetles (including wood): bark beetles, leaf beetles, deer beetles, ground beetles, weevils. Various butterflies and caterpillars of woodworms, glass-cases, whites, as well as aphids, scale insects and many species of ants. Sometimes clams and crustaceans are added to the menu.

On occasion, woodpeckers do not disdain carrion (like tits) and can break the nests of small bird species (the same tits or finches) and can even break the nests of their congeners by eating eggs and chicks. In summer, they eagerly eat the flesh of currant, raspberry, and gooseberry. City dwellers often feed in garbage cans.

In winter, plant foods predominate in the diet - acorns, nuts and coniferous seeds, as well as aspen bark. Seeds from woodpecker cones are obtained with the help of a "forge": a cone is clamped in a previously prepared "anvil" - a split of wood and seeds are pulled out by powerful blows of a beak. In the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, woodpeckers break through the bark of trees and drink sap.

Woodpecker with a seed in its beak.

Woodpecker with a butterfly in its beak.

Woodpecker with prey.

Woodpecker and tit at the feeding trough.

Woodpeckers breeding

Woodpeckers are monogamous and the steam that has broken up after breeding often reunites the following year. The mating season, depending on the area, lasts from late December to mid-May. In the breeding season, drum roll and woodpeckers can be heard at a distance of up to 1.5 km. Males arrange mating dances and flights, which end with mating.

The male himself chooses a place for the nest - a tree with soft wood (alder, birch, larch) and begins to hollow hollows at a height of up to 8 m. Work takes 2 weeks, sometimes the female replaces the male. The result is a hollow, with a depth of 25-35 cm and a diameter of up to 12 cm, sometimes with a visor made of fungus mushroom.

At the end of spring, the female lays 5-7, less often 4-8 pure white, glossy eggs. Hatching at night, and most of the day the male is engaged. The incubation period lasts 10-13 days, after which naked and blind chicks are born.

Both parents feed offspring, making about 300 feedings per day. After 10 days, mature chicks meet their parents at the entrance to the hollow, and after another 10-13 days they begin to fly out of the nest. For three weeks, the brood is kept nearby, at first still eating at the expense of the parents, and then leaves its native territory.

On average, woodpeckers live for about 9 years, in exceptional cases 2-3 years longer.

Female woodpecker at the nest.

Everyone who has ever been in the forest heard a dry fractional knock. A woodpecker makes such a sound. This bird is distributed throughout the globe and is found wherever there is a forest. After all, a woodpecker lives only on trees, his legs are not adapted for walking on the ground. This interesting bird has long attracted the attention of scientists. There was a time when they even considered her a pest and tried to destroy it. But then they found out that the woodpecker is a forest nurse, so now he is often called the forest doctor. After all, he hollows only dry and infected trees with larvae, often saving them from death.

What are woodpeckers

This bird belongs to the Woodpecker family, which includes more than two hundred species. Their greatest diversity is observed in the forests of North America. And in our country there are just over ten species of woodpeckers. The most famous of them are:

Great spotted woodpecker. This bird is quite large, the wingspan sometimes reaches half a meter. The most common in European forests.
It looks like a small motley woodpecker almost the size of a sparrow.
Another large species often found in our forests is yellow, or black woodpecker. This bird is quite noisy and active, hollows out large hollows and eats a lot of harmful insects.
The green woodpecker looks quite unusual and beautiful. But he is very careful, therefore it is difficult to see him.
The three-toed woodpecker is an unusual bird, as it lacks one toe.
This family also includes a verticollis, although it is very different from other woodpeckers in behavior and appearance. She does not hollow and does not know how to climb trees.

Woodpecker bird description

Where do woodpeckers live

This forest bird is found wherever there are trees. Most species live in forests and prefer solitude. But some can live next to a person, for example, in city parks and squares. The only condition for a woodpecker to have a normal life is the presence of trees, so it is found almost anywhere on the planet. They are not only in the subpolar region and on the islands near Australia. Woodpecker - a settled bird. He rarely flies away from where he lives. Typically, the area where the bird feeds is about 2 ha. Very rarely, in search of food, individual individuals can travel long distances, but in this case they no longer return. This feature of them is the answer to the question of whether the woodpecker is a migratory bird or not. Most of them are omnivores and easily tolerate frosts. Therefore, it makes no sense to fly away.

Woodpecker lifestyle

It is very interesting to observe how various birds of the forest behave. The woodpecker is rather unpretentious, he is not used to sitting idle. For normal life, this bird is enough to have trees. The most favorable conditions for their reproduction exist near rivers and other bodies of water, especially in rainy summers. At this time, wood is exposed to various putrefactive processes and fungal diseases, as well as insect attacks. It is these trees that the woodpecker loves. This bird is hammering them not only in search of food; every year it prepares a new hollow for itself. True, not all species of woodpeckers can do this. For example, turntables use ready-made hollows. A feature of woodpeckers' lifestyle is their amazing ability to quickly climb a tree trunk. For these purposes, nature endowed them with short paws with tenacious fingers and a strong tail. Even woodpecker chicks start climbing the trunk earlier than flying. The lifestyle of this bird does not change even in winter. To answer the question whether the woodpecker is a migratory bird or not, you just need to go to the forest or park on a quiet frosty day. Frequent fractional knocking, carried in the air, is evidence that these birds remain in our area to winter.

What the woodpecker eats

Which bird can stay in our climate for the winter? Only one that is omnivorous. Yes, woodpeckers can eat a lot.

Most often, of course, they feed on insects, which are emitted from under the bark of trees. To get them, the woodpecker uses a long tongue, which often doubles the size of the beak. In addition, it is sticky, it has sharp notches. With their help, the woodpecker can get insects from the narrow passages in the wood. In large quantities, this bird destroys insects and their larvae harmful to trees. Woodpeckers also eat various caterpillars, termites, ants and even snails. In the cold season, these birds feed mainly on tree seeds, most often conifers. But on occasion, you can eat berries and any fruits. In famine, many birds move closer to human habitation and feed on food waste.

What is interesting woodpecker

This is the only bird that has a musical ear. Woodpeckers can knock on wood not only for food or nest production. Sometimes you can watch a bird hammering on a dry branch and listening.

Woodpecker tongue is amazing. In some individuals, it can reach a length of 10 centimeters. It is sticky, with sharp serrations on which, like hooks, a woodpecker hooks insects from under the bark of a tree. With it, he can also enjoy the fruits.
A woodpecker is one of the few birds that cannot walk on the ground. Their legs and tail are adapted only for climbing trees.

So, we presented a description of the bird. The woodpecker is very beautiful. Bright red cap and colorful color make these birds a decoration of any forest.

What are the benefits of woodpeckers

These birds used to be considered pests of the forest, they even tried to destroy them. But then it turned out that woodpeckers hollow only sick and old trees infected with insects. In this way they save the forest from the spread of pests. In addition, woodpeckers make a new hollow for themselves every year. And in their old dwellings squirrels settle other birds.

Woodpeckers help the inhabitants of the forest not only by providing shelter. Some species of these birds, when obtaining food, remove entire sections of the bark from the trees, exposing the passages of insects. And it’s easier for other birds to get them. And now the woodpecker is considered one of the most useful forest birds.

Research project for primary school students "Forest bird - woodpecker"

Filippovskaya Anastasia, a student of grade 3, MKOU "Nikolaev SOSH" Kurchatov district of Kursk region.
Head: Lisunova Olga Mikhailovna, a primary school teacher at the Mikolaevskaya secondary school, Kurchatov district, Kursk region.
Description:in this work, it is said about species of woodpecker, about what they feed on, mysteries about woodpecker are selected.
Appointment:the material will be useful to children of primary school age.
Goal: to form a careful attitude towards birds.
Tasks:
1.Select and study literature on the life of birds.
   a) appearance;
   b) habitat;
   c) what do woodpeckers eat?
   Find out what woodpeckers are?
   Determine the meaning of the woodpecker in nature.
Woodpeckers must have seen everything. And if you haven’t seen it, then you have definitely heard it. A woodpecker is heard in almost any forest.
   This bird has a beautiful colorful plumage: the upper body is black, there are white spots on the head and neck, white stripes on the folded wings, red tail and crown. The beak is strong and sharp, their legs are short, strong sharp claws. Woodpeckers live where there are trees. Woodpecker is an omnivorous bird. In the warm season, their main food is a variety of insects. Woodpeckers eat harmful insects that spoil wood, caterpillars, ants.
   In winter, the main food is tree seeds, most often conifers.
   Woodpeckers are often called the forest nurse or forest doctor. They remove insects and their larvae from under the bark, saving the trees from damage and death.
   In nature, a huge variety of species of woodpeckers.

Great spotted woodpecker.

Green woodpecker.

Woodpecker.

Three-fingered woodpecker.

Take a look at how a tree looks closely at a woodpecker when looking for food. It sits on the trunk, leans on its hard tail and gradually leaps upwards by leaps, tapping its beak on a tree. No pest beetle and its larva can hide from a forest doctor. He will accurately determine the place where they hid, and easily get them from under the bark with his sticky beak.
In the spring, a family of woodpeckers selects a tree with soft wood and hollows a hollow in it. The female lays 5-7 white testicles. Both parents hatch them. Chicks hatch after 2 weeks and immediately require food. Every 2-4 minutes for 3 weeks, father and mother drag larvae, weevils, leaf beetles. The same food is eaten by the parents themselves.
Guess the riddles.
He’s a great worker,
But not a painter, but a carpenter.
Tuk-tuk-tuk he builds a house
With a small one window.
Answer: woodpecker.
   In bright he is a red beret,
   In a black satin jacket.
   Doesn't chat, doesn't growl.
   Everything knocks, knocks, knocks.
   Answer: woodpecker.
   In the forest under twitter and whistle
   The forest telegraph knocks:
   “Great, Thrush is a buddy!”
   And puts a signature ... (woodpecker)
Proverbs.
A woodpecker without a nose, like a wolf without legs.
   The kindness of a person is recognized by man, and the softness of a tree is a woodpecker.
Poem.
   Woodpecker was building a new house
   To my son.
   He worked for a long day
   In the evening and at night.
   Beak tree hollowed
   I woke up all the neighbors.
Output: the woodpecker is a nurse in the forest, he is a great hard worker and very useful to nature. Man must take care of birds and take care of them. Each year, hollowing out a new hollow, the woodpecker creates a home for other birds.
Literature:
   Encyclopedia of Pochemuchki. Animals / m. Swallowtail 2012 The first school encyclopedia animal world / m. Rosman 2008